Ikoksal' s Database Diary

23 Temmuz 2013 Salı

Oracle Database 12c Installation and Creating Database

22 Temmuz 2013 Pazartesi

Oracle Database 12c Release 1 Installation Pre- Requirements / Manual Setup

This post prepearing for Oracle Linux 6 (OEL6) and Oracle Database 12c Release 1 database software. If you prefer automatic setup please refer this document

Oracle Database 12c Release 1 Installation Pre- Requirements / Automatic Setup

Oracle simplified 12c database installation at Oracle Linux 6 by donwloading and installing oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall package from Public Yum repository. While installing this package server try to connect on internet yum repository and run wget command neccessary rpms.

http://public-yum.oracle.com/

1- Information :

When it is installed, the Oracle Pre-Install RPM does the following:

■ Automatically downloads and installs any additional RPM packages needed for installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database, resolves any dependencies

■ Creates an oracle user and creates oraInventory(oinstall) and OSDBA (dba) groups for that user.

■ As needed, sets sysctl.conf settings , system startup parameters, driver parameters to values based on recommandations from Oracle RDBMS Pre-Install program.

■Sets hard and soft resource limits

■ Sets other recommended parameters and depending on your kernel version

2- Installation :

[root@server rpm]# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-8.el6.x86_64.rpm

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, security

file:///iso/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///iso/repodata/repomd.xml

Trying other mirror.

Setting up Install Process

Examining oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-8.el6.x86_64.rpm: oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall- 1.0-8.el6.x86_64

Marking oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-8.el6.x86_64.rpm to be installed

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-8.el6 will be installed

--> Processing Dependency: compat-libcap1 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-8.el6.x86_ 64

--> Processing Dependency: compat-libstdc++-33 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-8.el6 .x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: gcc-c++ for package: oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-8.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: ksh for package: oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-8.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-8.el6.x86_64

--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-8.el6.x86 _64

--> Running transaction check

---> Package compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-1 will be installed

---> Package compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-69.el6 will be installed

---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-3.el6 will be installed

---> Package ksh.x86_64 0:20100621-19.el6 will be installed

---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.107-10.el6 will be installed

---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.7-3.el6 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==========================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

==========================================================================================================

Installing:

oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall

x86_64 1.0-8.el6 /oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall-1.0-8.el6.x86_64 37 k

Installing for dependencies:

compat-libcap1 x86_64 1.10-1 OL64 17 k

compat-libstdc++-33 x86_64 3.2.3-69.el6 OL64 183 k

gcc-c++ x86_64 4.4.7-3.el6 OL64 4.7 M

ksh x86_64 20100621-19.el6 OL64 686 k

libaio-devel x86_64 0.3.107-10.el6 OL64 13 k

libstdc++-devel x86_64 4.4.7-3.el6 OL64 1.6 M

Transaction Summary

==========================================================================================================

Install 7 Package(s)

Total size: 7.2 M

Total download size: 7.2 M

Installed size: 23 M

Is this ok [y/N]:y

Error Downloading Packages:

gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64: failure: Packages/gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm from OL64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.

libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64: failure: Packages/libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm from OL64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.

ksh-20100621-19.el6.x86_64: failure: Packages/ksh-20100621-19.el6.x86_64.rpm from OL64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64: failure: Packages/compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64.rpm from OL64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.

compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64: failure: Packages/compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64.rpm from OL64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.

libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64: failure: Packages/libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm from OL64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.

[root@gckvt287 pr]# yum install libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, security

file:///iso/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///iso/repodata/repomd.xml

Trying other mirror.

Setting up Install Process

Examining libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm: libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64

Marking libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm to be installed

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.7-3.el6 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

Installing:

libstdc++-devel x86_64 4.4.7-3.el6 /libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 9.3 M

Transaction Summary

Install 1 Package(s)

Total size: 9.3 M

Installed size: 9.3 M

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

Installing : libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 1/1

Verifying : libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 1/1

Installed:

libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.7-3.el6

Complete!

[root@server pr]# yum install gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, security

file:///iso/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///iso/repodata/repomd.xml

Trying other mirror.

Setting up Install Process

Examining gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm: gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64

Marking gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm to be installed

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-3.el6 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

Package Arch Version Repository Size

Installing:

gcc-c++ x86_64 4.4.7-3.el6 /gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 11 M

Transaction Summary

Install 1 Package(s)

Total size: 11 M

Installed size: 11 M

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Downloading Packages:

Running rpm_check_debug

Running Transaction Test

Transaction Test Succeeded

Running Transaction

Installing : gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 1/1

Verifying : gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 1/1

Installed:

gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-3.el6

Complete!

SOURCE : <http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/12c/oracle-db-12cr1-installation-on-oracle-linux-6.php>

19 Temmuz 2013 Cuma

Streams Table Instantiation Rules

If your streams configuration one-way, table-level; Source to Destination replication, you have to instantiate objects at Destination site.
If your streasms configuration bi-directional, table-level; Source to Dest and Dest to Source, you have to instantiate objects both Source and Destination databases.
If your streams configuration one-way,schema level; Source to Destination replication, you have to instantiate SCHEMAS at Destination site.
If your streasms configuration bi-directional, schema level; Source to Dest and Dest to Source, you have to instantiate SCHEMAS both Source and Destination databases.

1. If you forget to instantiate tables or schemas you will get this error message.

ORA-26687: no instantiation SCN provided for "HR"."EMPLOYEE" in source database "SOURCE" ;

2. You could check your error messages from DBA_APPLY_ERROR view. You must control this view attentively especially these columns:

ERROR_MESSAGE column,
ERROR_CREATION_TIME column,
LOCAL_TRANSACTION_ID column

SELECT * FROM DBA_APPLY_ERROR where error_message like '%ORA-26687%';

NOTE : save your error messages before re-execute the transactions. You could save dba_apply_error to excel file.

3. Check the tables or schemas that are really not instantiated Follow the instructions above and check out the rules.

select * from DBA_APPLY_INSTANTIATED_OBJECTS where source_object_name='EMPLOYEE' AND source_object_owner='HR'

Select * from DBA_APPLY_INSTANTIATED_OBJECTS@SOURCE where source_object_name='EMPLOYEE' AND source_object_owner='HR' ;

4. Stop the Streams Services on both side. Because replication cause a lock on objects and if its still try to working we couldnt instantiate the objects.

You could stop the service Oracle Enterprise Manager Console , Click the Data Movement and Under Streams Click Manage Replication. DISABLE ALL SERVICES.

You could stop the services with STRMADMIN account with this script.

exec dbms_capture_adm.stop_capturE(capture_name=>'SOURCE');
exec dbms_apply_adm.stop_apply (apply_name=>'APPLY_SOURCE');
exec DBMS_PROPAGATION_ADM.STop_PROPAGATION(propagation_name=>'PROP_SOURCE');

5. Instantiating objects with this script table-level. IF you want to instantiate schemas you could use DBMS_APPLY_ADM.set_schema_instantiation_scn procedure.

DECLARE
v_scn NUMBER;

BEGIN
v_scn := DBMS_FLASHBACK.get_system_change_number@SOURCE ();

DBMS_APPLY_ADM.set_table_instantiation_scn (

source_object_name => 'HR.EMPLOYEE',

source_database_name => 'SOURCE',

instantiation_scn => v_scn);

END;

/

6. Back sto Step 2 and check the error messages which are getting no instantiation SCN provided error message. Execute these messages from LOCAL_TRANSACTION_ID with this script until no rows retuned from DBA_APPLY_ERROR.

exec DBMS_APPLY_ADM.EXECUTE_ERROR ('local_transaction_id');

7. Check the invalid objects and compile them.

18 Temmuz 2013 Perşembe

Change Bash Prompt

Showing server name at blogger posts is known problem for bloggers. Especially if you are beginner blogger you have to face lots of screenshots sharing problem. Best and practical case you can change your server name with simple this command. This change effects only your session.

command :

$echo $PS1

output :

\\u@\h \\W]\\$

run command : PS1="[\d \t \u@server:\w ] $ "

\d : the date in (Thu Jul 18) format
\t : the time in (16:48:35) format
\u : user
\w: current working directory

14 Temmuz 2013 Pazar

RMAN INCREMENTAL MERGE

How to copy ASM datafile from Primary Database to Standby database on ASM using RMAN ID 605234.1

Steps to peform for rolling forward a standby database using RMAN incremental when primary and standby are in ASM filesystem ID 836986.1

How to use an incremental Backup to Roll forward the Standby when new datafiles are added to Primary [ID 1275762.1]

Advanced RMAN

Rman is powerfull to for Oracle Backup, it has many features but little known. this post covered 11gR1 and 11gR2.

Rman Recovery manager tool, could be backup up database, datafile, tablespace and archivelog
All commands necessary to end with semicolon
Rman can be used for both hot or cold backups. But database must be archivelog mode for host backups as you know.

In 11g rman REDUCE the size of backup with :

skips the undo data for committed transactions.
10g backup

at TAPE = once used blocks (ou) +used now blocks (u) +never used (nu)
at DISK = once used blocks (ou) +used now blocks (u)

11g backup

at TAPE = (o.u)+ (u)
at DISK = (u)

Datafiles can have many to many backup pices , Backup pices can have many to one Backup sets and a datafile cant be split accross the backupsets
11g RMAN Read and Restore parallel.

Incremental backups checks for used blocks, so it can check it he blocks have been backed up before.
It can backup only changed blocks
Reducing backup size, time, I/O and CPU
Level 0 Full Backup
Level 1 changed since last level 1
Incremental doesnt care blocks are logging and data exist on undo or redo.
Can be compressed.

%d name of the database
%D day of the Date
%M month number
%Y yerar
%t time from reference point
%T YYYYMMDD
%n tablespace name
%p backup piece number
%s backupset number
%U cover all parameters.

Block Media Recovery
11gR1 recover datafile parameter is deprecated so we must use !
blockrecover datafile DF# block BLOCK#;

Flash Recovery Area
We have to define 2 initialization parameters;
db_recovery_file_dest='+ORAFLASH' or '/ORAFLASH'
db_recovery_file_dest_size = 10G

Image Copies
copies all blocks used or not
command includes as copy
Image copy backup is simple rman doesnt have to read file and restoring is simplier with no reconstruction
merge is possible
!you tahe a imgae copy backup every sunday and incremental merge every day.
Compression ?
you cant backup to tape. you can backup only disk.

Regular backup
only used blocks are backed up so size is smaller than image copy
time is short than image copy
compression possible
disk and tape backup is possible

Compression
how compressi,on do this;Default algorithm method is BZIP2.
ABC123
ABC789
ABC223 SO GET THE ABC AS SYMBOL & and writes data to disk &123, &789 ....
show compression algorithm;
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BZIP2'; #default;
There is another algorithm avaible in 11gR1- ZLIB2 ( cpu usage is less then BZIP2) but it requires advanced compression option.

Trace and debug and logging
You can use trace and debugging command at rman
rman target=/ debug=all trace=rmantrace1.trc
end of backup you can read #vi rmantrace1.trc
rman target=/ log=rman1.log ( append is possible )
rman target=/ log=rman1.log append
rman target=/ log=rman1.log checksyntax
v$rman_output
v$rman_backup_job
v$rman_backup_job_details

Duplicating Database
10g needs connection to primary and backup for duplicate via rman
11gR1 needs connect to primary but backup not necessary from active DB
11gR2 from backup alone but no connection to primary needed. ***********

Health checks (11g)
RMAN >list failure
RMAN >advise failure
RMAN >repair failure preview

Security
Oracle RMAN can encrypt an entire database backup using one of these three methods:

Local TDE master encryption key
Passphrase
Hybrid : Passphrase and Local TDE master encryption key
Wallet ( alter system set encryption wallet open authenticated by "ilknur";
you can store table encryption key SYS.ENC$ table.

Make sure directory
$ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/wallet exists
set enc key password : key.sql
open the wallet : wallo.sql
close the wallet : wallo.sql

more information rman backup security: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/security/index-095354.html